MOSCH WEB - Interactive Key

1 EYE PUBESCENCE

Eye pubescent; with hairs, generally abundant, longer than the diameter of 3 eye facets

Eye bare or nearly bare: hairs, if present, not longer than diameter of 2 eye facets

2 OCELLI

ocelli present

ocelli missing, or posterior ones very reduced

3 [MALE] WIDTH OF FRONS

frons at its narrowest point about 1/10 of an eye in dorsal view [= fr/eye 1/10]

1/8 <= fr/eye <= 1/6

1/5 <= fr/eye <= 2/5

fr/eye approx. 1/2

3/5 <= fr/eye <= 4/5

fr/eye approx. 1

fr/eye approx. 1.2

fr/eye approx. 1.5

fr/eye >= 2

4 [FEMALE] WIDTH OF FRONS

frons at its narrowest point about 1/10 of an eye in dorsal view [= fr/eye 1/10]

1/8 <= fr/eye <= 1/6

1/5 <= fr/eye <= 2/5

fr/occh approx. 1/2

3/5 <= fr/eye = 4/5

fr/eye approx. 1

fr/eye approx. 1.2

fr/eye approx. 1.5

fr/eye >= 2

5 [MALE] OUTER VERTICAL SETAE

present and well developed

missing or much shorter and thinner, not distinguishable from postocular setae

6 [FEMALE] OUTER VERTICAL SETAE

present and well developed

missing or much shorter and thinner, not distinguishable from postocular setae

7 LENGTH OF OCELLAR SETAE

well developed, longer than half of frontal setae close to ocellar triangle

short and hair-like, at most half as long as frontal setae close to ocellar triangle

ocellar setae missing

8 INCLINATION OF OCELLAR SETAE

proclinate

lateroclinate

reclinate

9 FRONTAL SETAE

frontal setae reaching the upper margin of scape

frontal setae reaching the middle of scape

frontal setae reaching the upper margin of pedicel

frontal setae reaching, on parafacial, the middle of pedicel

frontal setae reaching, on parafacial, the lower margin of pedicel

frontal setae reaching, on parafacial, the base of arista

frontal setae reaching, on parafacial, slightly below base of arista

frontal setae reaching, on parafacial, the middle of the facial ridge

frontal setae reaching, on parafacial, below the middle of facial ridge

10 FRONTO-ORBITAL PLATE

bare

with a few hairs

with more or less abundant hairs

with a few irregular reclinate or medioclinate setae

with a complete row of reclinate or medioclinate setae

very wide, with 2 rows of of reclinate or medioclinate setae

11 UPPER RECLINATE ORBITAL SETAE

one

two; anterior one very thin [hair-like] or at least smaller than posterior one

two o three; if two present, then they are of approximately the same length

upper reclinate orbital setae indistinguishable from frontal setae closest to vertex

12 [MALE] PROCLINATE ORBITAL SETAE

missing

one

two [proclinate or lateroclinate]

three or four [proclinate or lateroclinate]

a complete row of proclinate orbital setae

13 [FEMALE] PROCLINATE ORBITAL SETAE

missing

one

two [proclinate or lateroclinate]

three or four [proclinate or lateroclinate]

a complete row of proclinate orbital setae

14 PARAFACIAL SETAE

parafacial entirely bare below lowest frontal seta

... with only a few hairs below lowest frontal seta

... with hairs or setae on less than upper half

... with hairs or setae on approximately the upper half [with at least some small setae]

parafacial with hairs or setae on most of its length, or at least with hairs or short setae on lower half

parafacial with proclinate setae [or hairs] on most of its length, or at least some setae on lower half

15 WIDTH OF PARAFACIAL

parafacial, in its narrowest point, 1/10 of width of first flagellomere at mid-length

parafacial, in its narrowest point, approx. 1/8 - 1/5 of width of first flagellomere at mid-length

parafacial, in its narrowest point, approx. 1/4 - 2/5 of width of first flagellomere at mid-length

... approx. 1/2 of width of first flagellomere at mid-length

... approx. 3/5 - 4/5 of width of first flagellomere at mid-length

... about as wide as first flagellomere at mid-length

... approx. 1.2 - 2.0 of width of first flagellomere at mid-length

... parafacial more than twice as wide as first flagellomere

16 PARAFACIAL RATIO

parafacial, measured ventrally at its narrowest point, more than 1/4 of distance between inner margin of eye and antennal insertion

parafacial, measured ventrally at its narrowest point, at most 1/4 of distance between inner margin of eye and antennal insertion

17 SHAPE OF FACIAL RIDGE [HEAD IN LATERAL VIEW]

facial ridge concave

facial ridge more or less straight [except immediately above vibrissa, where it is generally slightly concave]

facial ridge convex

18 SETAE OF FACIAL RIDGE

facial ridge, above vibrissa, with setae on 1/5 or less of its length

... with setae on approx. 1/4 of its length

... with setae on approx. 1/3 - 2/5 of its length

... with setae on approx. 1/2 of its length

... with setae on approx. 3/5 of its length

... with setae on approx. 2/3 or more of its length

19 TYPE OF SETAE ON FACIAL RIDGE

hair-like [thin] and decumbent, or missing

robust and more or less erect

20 VIBRISSA

vibrissa inserted level with lower facial margin or below

vibrissa inserted above lower facial margin

21 FACE

not visible in lateral view

visible in lateral view but not carinate

face distinctly carinate [carina clearly dividing the antennae]

22 LOWER FACIAL MARGIN

not visible in lateral view

slightly visible in lateral view

strongly protruding and well visible in lateral view, beyond the vibrissal angle

23 GENAL DILATION

well developed

poorly developed

missing

24 VENTRAL PART OF OCCIPUT

postero ventral part of head with a majority of white, yellowish, red or light brown hairs

... with a majority of black hairs but with at least a few light-coloured hairs along the postero ventral margin of head

postero ventral part of head with black hairs or setulae only

25 DORSAL PART OF OCCIPUT

postero dorsal part of head without black setulae behind postocular row

... with only a few black setulae behind postocular row

... with one row of black setulae behind postocular row

... with two rows of black setulae behind postocular row

... with more than two rows of black setulae behind postocular row

26 HEIGHT OF GENA

gena particularly narrow, 1/15 or less of eye height [vertical diameter of eye]

gena approximately 1/10 of eye height

... approx. 1/8 ...

... approx. 1/6 - 1/5 ...

... approx. 1/3 - 2/5 ...

... approx. 1/2 ...

... approx. 3/5 - 4/5 ...

gena approx. as high as vertical diameter of eye

gena higher than eye

27 COLOUR OF ANTENNAL PEDICEL

pedicel black or uniformly dark brown

pedicel light brown, yellowish or partly yellow

pedicel yellow or orange

28 LENGTH OF ANTENNA

antenna longer than height of gena

antenna approx. the same length as height of gena

antenna shorter than height of gena

29 LENGTH OF FIRST FLAGELLOMERE

first flagellomere at most as long as pedicel

first flagellomere between 1.0 - max 1.5 times length of pedicel

... first flagellomere between 1.5 - max. 2.0 times length of pedicel

... first flagellomere between 2.0 - max. 4.0 times length of pedicel

... first flagellomere between 4.0 - max. 6.0 times length of pedicel

... first flagellomere between 6.0 - max. 8.0 times length of pedicel

... first flagellomere longer than 8.0 times length of pedicel

30 APEX OF FIRST FLAGELLOMERE

non-sharpened apex

sharpened apex [as in Acemya]

31 PUBESCENCE OF ARISTA

arista apparently bare; if pubescent, then hairs at most reaching length of basal diameter of arista

arista pubescent or plumose; longest hairs visibly exceeding length of basal diameter of arista

32 THICKNESS OF ARISTA

arista thickened on 1/5 or less of its length

arista thickened on 1/4 of its length

... on 2/5 of its length

... on 1/2 of its length

... on 3/5 ...

... on 2/3 ...

... on 3/4 ...

... on 4/5 ...

arista thickened nearly to the apex

33 LENGTH FIRST ARISTOMERE

very short, no longer than wide

between 1 and 2 times its diameter

between 2 and 4 times its diameter

between 4 and 6 times its diameter

more than 6 times its diameter

34 LENGTH SECOND ARISTOMERE

very short, no longer than wide

between 1 and 2 times its diameter

between 2 and 4 times its diameter

between 4 and 6 times its diameter

between 6 and 8 times its diameter

between 8 and 10 times its diameter

more than 10 times its diameter

35 LENGTH OF PREMENTUM

prementum stubby, 1-2 times its diameter [measured halfway]

between 2 and 4 times its diameter

between 4 and 6 times its diameter

between 6 and 8 times its diameter

prementum long and thin, between 8 and 12 times its diameter

prementum exceptionally long, exceeding 12 times its diameter

36 LABELLA

not elongated

labella and prementum exceptionally elongated [as in Siphona]

37 COLOUR OF PALPUS

black or dark brown

light brown or partly yellow

orange or yellowish

38 SIZE AND SHAPE OF PALPUS

well developed, very enlarged apically, with a maximum diameter of at least 1/4 of its length

more or less apically enlarged, but maximum diameter not as above

filiform or not apically enlarged

reduced, at most as long as diameter of prementum [measured about halfway]

palpus missing or reduced to a small tubercle

39 SCUTUM: PRESUTURAL DARK VITTAE

scutum with a pair of wide presutural dark vittae, each of which about as wide as or wider than the area separating them

... with three, four or five presutural dark vittae, or uniformly covered with pruinosity

scutum very dark, without presutural dark vittae

40 PROSTERNAL SETULAE

prosternum with at least one pair of setulae on lateral margin

prosternum bare

41 SHAPE OF PROSTERNUM

not like in the following entry

distinctly swollen

42 PROEPISTERNUM

bare

pubescent

43 POSTPRONOTUM

postpronotum without setae

with only one seta

... with two setae

... with three setae in more or less a straight line

... with three setae arranged in a straight and one [usually small] positioned anterior to these

... with three setae arranged in a straight and two [usually small] positioned anterior to these

postpronotum with three or more setae; the three most robust clearly forming a triangle

44 PRESUTURAL ACROSTICHAL SETAE

scutum without presutural acrostichal setae

... with one presutural acrostichal setae

... two ...

... three ...

45 PRESUTURAL DORSOCENTRAL SETAE

scutum without presutural dorsocentral

... with one presutural dorsocentral

... two ...

... three ...

... four ...

46 POSTSUTURAL DORSOCENTRAL SETAE

scutum without postsustural dorsocentral

... with one postsustural dorsocentral ...

... two ...

... three ...

... four ...

47 POSTSUTURAL INTRA-ALAR SETAE

three postsutural intra-alar setae

two postsutural intra-alar setae separated by a distance equal at most to distance between the first seta and the suture

two postsutural intra-alar setae separated by a distance greater than the distance between the first seta and the suture

one postsutural intra-alar seta

postsutural intra-alar setae missing

48 SUPRAALAR SETAE

first postsutural supra-alar seta longer than notopleural setae and longer and stronger than first postsutural intra-alar seta

first postsutural supra-alar seta shorter than notopleural setae and shorter and weaker than first postsutural intra-alar seta

49 KATEPISTERNAL SETAE

katepisternal setae missing

one katepisternal setae

two ...

three ...

four ...

five or more ...

50 KATEPIMERON

katepimeron bare or, at most, with 3 or 4 hairs on anterior 1/4

katepimeron pubescent on at least its anterior 2/3

51 ANEPIMERAL SETA

anepimaral seta missing; if present then weak and only slightly differentiated from general anepimeral pubescence

anepimeral seta present, at least 1.5 times as long as general anepimeral pubescence

double anepimeral setae, well developed

52 SCUTELLUM COLOUR

scutellum entirely black

scutellum mainly black, more or less red or yellowish apically

scutellum mainly red or yellowish

53 NUMBER OF MARGINAL SETAE OF SCUTELLUM

scutellum without marginal setae

scutellum with 1 pair of marginal setae

... with two pairs ...

... with three pairs ...

... with four pairs ...

... with five or more pairs ...

54 LATERAL SETAE OF SCUTELLUM

lateral setae missing

one pair of weak and hair-like lateral setae

one pair of lateral setae about half as long as subapical setae

one pair of lateral setae about 2/3 - 4/5 as long as subapical setae

one pair of lateral setae about as long and as strong as subapical setae

two or more pairs oflateral setae

55 LENGTH OF SUBAPICAL SETAE OF SCUTELLUM

subapical setae reaching at least as far as apical setae - generally visibly longer and stronger than apical setae, which are sometimes missing

subapical setae not reaching as far as apical setae or, at most, the same length as apical setae

56 APICAL SCUTELLAR SETAE

apical scutellar setae missing

apical setae weak and hair-like

apical setae divergent

apical setae parallel

apical setae crossed, horizontal or tilted upwards by at most 30°

apical setae crossed and tilted upwards by 30-60°

apical setae crossed and tilted upwards by 60-90°

57 PREAPICAL SCUTELLAR SETAE

preapical setae of scutellum straight and erect

scutellum without preapical setae

58 ANATERGITE

anatergite bare below calypter

anatergite a with a small tuft of weak hairs below calypter

59 POSTERIOR SPIRACLE

anterior and posterior fringes of posterior spiracle of approximately the same size

posterior fringe [lappet?] of posterior spiracle visibly larger than anterior fringe [which is generally of nearly rounded shape]

60 POSTMETACOXAL AREA

postmetacoxal area membranous

postmetacoxal area sclerified

61 SHAPE OF LOWER CALYPTER 1

lower calypter unmodified, with internal margin more or less aligned with lateral margin of scutellum

lower calypter diverging from scutellum [as in Rhinophorids]

62 SHAPE OF LOWER CALYPTER 2

outer margin of lower calypter not strongly convex

outer margin of lower calypter strongly convex

63 SETULAE ON LOWER CALYPTER SURFACE

dorsal surface of lower calypter bare

dorsal surface of lower calypter pubescent

64 WING COLOUR

wing membrane unpatterned: hyaline, whitish or slightly darkened

wing membrane visibly pigmented at least along anterior margin

65 TEGULA COLOUR

black or dark brown

red or yellowish

66 BASICOSTA COLOUR

black or dark brown

red to yellow

67 SECOND COSTAL SEGMENT [=CS2]

CS2 ventrally bare

CS2 more or less pubescent ventrally

68 COSTAL SPINE

costal spine generally not differentiated from other costal setulae; if differentiated, then clearly shorter than crossvein R-M

costal spine as longer as or longer than crossvein R-M

costal spine twice as long as crossvein R-M or longer

69 VEIN R1

R1 bare

R1 dorsally hairy

70 VEIN R4+5 [1]

seta/ae at base of vein R4+5 not as in the following entry

base of vein R4+5 with a single seta at least as long as crossvein R-M [rarely with one or two additional short setulae]

71 VEIN R4+5 [2]

vein R4+5 entirely bare

base of R4+5 with a thin hair, a robust seta, or with one seta, a few hairs and short setulae

with short setae from the base to about half the distance between base and intersection with vein R-M

with short setae from the base approximately to intersection with vein R-M

with setae which extend, from the base, beyond intersection with vein R-M

72 VEIN CuA1

vein CuA1 bare

vein CuA1 dorsally hairy

73 BEND OF M

vein M not reaching wing margin [vein disappearing in wing membrane approximately where bend of M should be situated]

M reaches wing margin but lacks a distinct bend - the vein being: i] slightly curved forward between vein R-M and wing margin, or ii] nearly straight

bend of M forming a distinctly obtuse angle

bend of M angled but not at a right angle

bend of M at a right angle or, rarely, forming an acute angle

74 STUB AND PROLONGATION OF M VEIN

M without a stub and prolongation

wing membrane being creased for a short distance distal to the bend of M [apparent as a stub or continuation of M]

M with a stub visibly shorter than crossvein R-M

M with a stub about as long as crossvein R-M

M with a stub visibly longer than crossvein R-M

75 FOURTH COSTAL SECTOR [CS4]

CS4 shorter than sixth CS6

CS4 about the same length as CS6

CS4 longer than CS6

CS6 missing [i.e. M or petiole of r4+5 reach wing margin close to wing tip]

76 RATIOS OF SECTION OF VEIN M

section of M between R-M and DM-Cu visibly longer than section between DM-Cu and bend of M

section of M between R-M and DM-Cu approximately equal to section between DM-Cu and bend of M

section of M between R-M and DM-Cu visibly shorter than section between DM-Cu and bend of M

77 CROSSVEIN DM-Cu

crossvein DM-Cu not exceptionally oblique

crossvein DM-Cu exceptionally oblique

crossvein DM-Cu lacking

78 PETIOLE [STALK]

cell r4+5 open [or vein m not reaching wing margin]

cell r4+5 closed at wing margin

cell r4+5 with a short petiole at most as long as 1/10 of postangular section of M

cell r4+5 with a petiole ranging between 1/8 - 1/5 of postangular section of M

cell r4+5 with a petiole ranging between 1/4 - 1/3 of postangular section of M

cell r4+5 with a petiole approx. 1/2 of postangular section of M

cell r4+5 with a petiole ranging between 2/3 - 3/4 of postangular section of M

cell r4+5 with a petiole about as long as postangular section of M

cell r4+5 with a petiole distinctly longer than postangular section of M

79 COLOUR OF LEGS

femora and tibiae black or dark brown

femora black or dark brown, tibiae red or yellow

femora at least partly yellow or red, tibiae red, yellow or black

80 FORE COXA

anteroventral surface of fore coxae completely or prevalently bare

anteroventral surface of fore coxae completely of prevalently covered with decumbent hairs

81 FORE TIBIA

preapical anterodorsal seta of fore tibia visibly shorter than dorsal preapical seta

preapical anterodorsal seta of fore tibia about the same length as dorsal preapical seta

preapical anterodorsal seta of fore tibia visibly longer than dorsal preapical seta

82 MID TIBIA

mid tibia without anterodorsal setae

... with one antero dorsal seta

... with two ...

... three ...

... four ...

... with five or more anterodorsal setae

83 HIND TIBIA [1]

hind tibia with two [or less] dorsal preapical setae

hind with 3 dorsal preapical setae [anterodorsal, dorsal and posterodorsal]

... with 4 [or more] ...

84 HIND TIBIA [2]

preapical posteroventral seta of hind tibia shorter than preapical anteroventral one

preapical posteroventral seta of hind tibia about the same length as preapical anteroventral one

85 HIND TIBIA [3]

anterodorsal setae of hind tibia unarranged and of irregular length

male with a regular row of anterodorsal setae forming comb-like structure [with setae all of equal size except for a longer seta situated approximately halfway]

male and female with a regular row of anterodorsal setae forming comb-like structure [with setae all of equal size except for a longer seta situated approximately halfway]

male and female with a regular [in shape and size] row of flattened, feather-shaped setae

86 HIND COXA

posterodorsal margin of coxa bare

posterodorsal margin of coxa with one or more setae or setulae

87 GROUND COLOUR OF ABDOMEN

abdomen entirely black, sometimes shiny or with metallic reflections

abdomen mainly black and red or yellowish at the side of tergites 2, 3 and 4 [generally not visible in dorsal view]

abdomen partly red or yellowish at most on half of the dorsal surface

abdomen mainly red or yellowish

88 ABDOMINAL MICROTOMENTUM (PATTERN)

abdomen shiny, without pruinosity

tergites 3 and 4 uniformly covered by a light pruinosity or with a thin band of pruinosity on the anterior margin

tergites 3 and 4 with a thin but obvious band of pruinosity on the anterior margin, each covering no more than 1/3 of the total length of the tergite; sometimes interrupted mediodorsally

tergites 3 and 4 with clear and extended bands of pruinosity covering over 1/3 of the length of tergites

abdomen entirely covered by dense, sometimes not uniform, pruinosity, tessellated or showing dark patches

89 FUSION OF ABDOMINAL TERGITES

abdominal tergites not fused dorsally

abdominal tergites fused dorsally

90 MID-DORSAL DEPRESSION ON SYNTERGITE 1+2

mid-dorsal depression of syntergite 1+2 reaching posterior margin of syntergite

mid-dorsal depression of syntergite 1+2 extending on the proximal 7/8 of syntergite

... extending on the proximal 2/3 to 3/4 syntergite

... extending on the proximal half of syntergite

91 MARGINAL SETAE ON SYNTERGITE 1+2

syntergite 1+2 without median marginal setae or with hair-like median marginals, indistinguishable from the general pubescence

... with one pair of median marginal setae

... with more than one pair of...

92 MEDIAN MARGINAL SETAE ON TERGITES 3 AND 4

abdominal tergites 3 and 4 without median marginal setae

abdominal tergites 3 and 4 with one pair of median marginal setae

tergite 4 with a complete row of marginal setae

93 MEDIAN DISCAL SETAE ON TERGITES 3 AND 4

abdominal tergites 3 and 4 without median discal setae

tergite 3 without, tergite 4 with median discal setae

tergites 3 and 4 with median discal setae

94 TERGITE 5 LENGTH

abdominal tergite 5 very short, about 0.6 times length of tergite 4

tergite 5 between 0.6 and 0.9 times tergite 4

tergite 5 approximately the same length as t 4 [between 0.9 and 1.1 times tergite 4]

tergite 5 between 1.1 and 1.5 times tergite 4

tergite 5 more than 1.5 times as long as tergite 4

95 STERNITE 4

abdominal sternite 4 completely covered by edges of tergite 4

sternite 4 only just visible

sternite 4 well visible but not completely exposed

sternite 4 completely exposed and membrane between ventral margin of tergite 4 and lateral margin of sternite 4 well visible

96 MALE ABDOMINAL PUBESCENCE – HAIR FASCICLES

abdominal tergites without specialized pubescence

ventral or ventro lateral surface of t4 [occasionally also t3] with a pair of patches of tightly-set decumbent hairs and/or setae

ventral surfaces of tergites 4 and 5 each with a pair of patches of tightly-set decumbent hairs or setae and microtrichia

ventral surface of tergites 4 and 5 covered with thin decumbent hairs on a shiny, non-pruinose cuticle

97 OVIPOSITOR

ovipositor lacking a piercing organ

ovipositor with a piercing organ

female abdomen or postabdomen characterized by peculiar structures

98 GENERAL BODY COLOUR

body non metallic

body metallic coloured